生物有机肥对酿酒葡萄生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响

针对贺兰山东麓大面积酿酒葡萄园因土壤瘠薄、过度依赖化肥而导致产量低且不稳等问题,采用田间试验结合室内分析,研究生物有机肥不同施用量(0、3、6、9、12、15t/hm2)对该区酿酒葡萄生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响。结果表明:在一定生物有机肥施用量范围内,随施用量的增加,酿酒葡萄叶绿素含量比对照提高,新稍长增加3.19%～24.41%,百叶鲜质量增加2.91%～13.26%,而百叶干质量增幅为11.71%～26.30%,有利于干物质累积;施有机肥促进了叶部全氮、全磷、全钾含量的吸收,叶片全氮、全磷、全钾分别增加0.60%～12.93%、46.94%～82.65%和6.94%～17.14%;叶柄全氮、全磷、全钾分别增加9.04%～48.59%、112.50%～226.14%和5.87%～40.47%,有利于干物质合成,从而比对照增产360.05%～554.14%,果实总糖含量提高1.11～1.94个百分点,总酸度下降0.18～0.27个百分点,糖酸比增大10.04～16.13个百分点;但有机肥施用量超过12t/hm2时,对3年生酿酒葡萄生长、氮磷钾吸收和产量等产生明显抑制作用。经肥料效应方程计算得出,该区3年生酿酒葡萄最高产量和最佳经济效益的生物有机肥施用量为11.45t/hm2和10.01t/hm2。     

糖尿病足中医证型与下肢动脉彩超相关性研究

目的初步探讨糖尿病足中医不同证型与下肢动脉彩超的关系。方法收集糖尿病足病例60例,非糖尿病住院病人45例作为对照组,记录相应下肢动脉彩超结果,并进行初步相关性分析。结果与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病足组双下肢动脉内径均较窄,其中股总动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉内径差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);分型研究中,气阴两虚瘀阻组各下肢动脉内径最窄,与其他证型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论糖尿病足中医不同证型与下肢动脉彩超有一定的相关性,糖尿病足表现为各下肢动脉内径变窄,以气阴两虚瘀阻型明显。     

秋季奶牛腐蹄病高发的原因及综合防治

奶牛腐蹄病是目前危害农村散养户奶牛生产、导致奶牛生产性能下降的重要疾病之一。该病发生后,蹄的真皮和角质层组织发生化脓性病理变化,其特征是真皮坏死与化脓,角质溶解,病牛疼痛,跛行,严重影响奶牛生产性能。特别在秋季,更要加强对该病的防治。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the palmar aspect of the equine podotrochlear apparatus: normal appearance

The purpose of this study was to describe the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of the palmar structures of the equine podotrochlear apparatus by means of retrospective evaluation of MR imaging studies of 16 cadaver limbs. The articular aspect of the distal sesamoid bone was not evaluated in this study. Equine digits were imaged with a human knee radiofrequency coil in a 1.5 T magnetic field, using spin echo (SE) T1-weighted, turbo spin echo proton density (TSE PD)-weighted with and without fat saturation (FS), and FS TSE T2-weighted sequences. The limbs were dissected after imaging to validate the absence of gross abnormalities of the flexor aspect of the distal sesamoid bone, of the deep digital flexor tendon, and the distal impar sesamoidean ligament. Seven deep digital flexor tendons were subjected to histologic examination to exclude any microscopic tendon pathology. The anatomic structures of the podotrochlear apparatus were easily identified on MR images. Compact bone of the flexor cortex of the distal sesamoid bone had low intensity signal on all sequences. In 11 digits an increased signal was seen within the thickness of the sagittal eminence of the flexor cortex in SE T1-weighted images and in TSE PD-weighted images without FS. Trabecular bone had a granular appearance and high signal in SE T1-weighted sequences and TSE images without FS. The deep digital flexor tendon had low signal on FS T2-weighted images, while on short echo time sequences (T1- and PD-weighted sequences), the tendon signal varied depending on the relative orientation between its fibers and the static magnetic field. Seven tendons had stippled appearance due to small intratendonous foci of slightly increased signal on transverse T1-weighted images. MR imaging provides a thorough evaluation of the anatomical structure of the podotrochlear apparatus: A good knowledge of the MR imaging appearance and anatomy and an awareness of potential pitfalls will improve diagnostic specificity for the detection of pathologic changes.     

甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原鉴定

对甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原进行了分离鉴定,从3块病田的37株罹病小麦上分离得到56个真菌菌株,分别被鉴定为雪腐镰刀菌[Fusarium nivale(Fr.)Ces.]、燕麦镰刀菌[Fusarium avenaceum(Corda et Fr.)Sacc.]、麦斑点附球霉[Epicoccum triticiP.Henn.]、小壳色单隔孢菌[Diplodiellasp.]、交链孢菌[Alternariaspp.]、芽枝霉[Cladosporiumsp.]、黑孢霉[Nigrosporasp.]。其中,雪腐镰刀菌致病性最强,燕麦镰刀菌致病性中强,麦斑点附球霉致病性弱,其余菌不致病。     

The Effect of Mixing and Translocating Juvenile Ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Botswana on the Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio

The possibility was investigated that translocation of juvenile ostriches from concrete-paved to sand-floored pens and mixing of batches of ostriches after such translocation constitute a stress strong enough to evoke changes in the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes. Blood smears were obtained from 15 ostriches out of a group of 25 birds 4 and 2 days before and then 2 and 4 days after translocation. The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio changed from 0.27 and 0.37 on days 4 and 2, respectively, before mixing and translocation to 0.53 and 0.84 on days 2 and 4, respectively, after translocation. Mixing and translocating juvenile ostriches appears to constitute stress. This information is important for the on-farm management of juvenile ostriches to enhance their welfare and productivity.     

RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE NAVICULAR BONE AND DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH OSSIFICATION OF THE COLLATERAL CARTILAGES OF THE DISTAL PHALANX IN FINNHORSE CADAVER FOREFEET

Radiographic findings in the navicular bone and distal interphalangeal joint as well as the ossification status of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx were evaluated in 100 Finnhorse cadaver forefeet. The most common shapes of the proximal articular margin of the navicular bone were convex and straight. Remodeling of the navicular bone was common, especially on the lateral extremity. No bony fragments were identified at the distal flexor margin even though this area appeared irregular in several feet. Several large, rounded or lollipop-shaped synovial invaginations were identified in only six feet. The thickness of the flexor cortex varied considerably, and the corticomedullary junction was uni- or bilaterally indistinct in nine feet. The shape of the sagittal ridge of the flexor cortex was commonly flat but varied. It appeared locally irregular or indistinct in 17 feet, but changes elsewhere along the flexor cortex were rare. Osteophytosis on the dorsal and palmar margins of the distal interphalangeal joint and entheseophytosis on the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx and on the extensor process of the distal phalanx were common. "Possibly significant" ossification of the collateral cartilages (high side-bones or separate centers of ossification) was present in 36 feet; all grades of ossification in the proximal/ palmaroproximal direction as well as palmar ossification were seen. A statistically significant relationship was found between entheseophytosis on the proximal flexor margin of the navicular bone and "possibly significant" ossification. Osteophytosis on the palmarodistal margin of the middle phalanx was more common in feet with a relatively long distal phalanx, suggestive of palmar ossification. Radiographic changes in the navicular bone or in the distal interphalangeal joint did not otherwise appear to be associated with ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx in Finnhorses.     

Role of seed infection by the Ascochyta blight pathogen of dried pea (Mycosphaerella pinodes) in seedling emergence, early disease development and transmission of the disease to aerial plant parts

The role of infected seed in the epidemiology of Ascochyta blight of pea, caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes, was studied both under growth chamber and field conditions, using healthy seeds, naturally infected seeds and artificially infected seeds. Results suggest that infected seeds caused serious losses, as a result of poor germination and high transmission of the disease, to parts of the plants under soil level. Foot rot symptoms often caused the death of young seedlings. Losses were increased by low temperatures during the early stage of crop development. M. pinodes progressed from seeds to aerial parts of the plants, but no Ascochyta blight symptoms occurred, the disease remaining near to the basal parts of the plants as a foot rot symptom. This suggests that seeds cannot be regarded as a source of contamination in the epidemiology of the disease.     

Foot Rot of Ulluco Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

Severe rot of stem bases caused by Pythium aphanidermatum was found on ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus) grown in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in September 1999. The name “foot rot of ulluco” is proposed for this new disease. Received 14 November 2001/ Accepted in revised form 7 January 2002     

非洲雏鸵鸟甲状腺的显微和超微结构研究

应用光镜和透射电镜技术,研究2月龄非洲雏鸵鸟甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明,非洲雏鸵鸟甲状腺实质由甲状腺滤泡和滤泡旁细胞组成;甲状腺滤泡大小不一,直径20.0～280.0μm,平均69.9μm;滤泡主要由单层立方上皮细胞围成,上皮细胞高5.0～15.0μm,平均9.4μm。电镜下,滤泡上皮细胞分为A、B两型,A型细胞呈立方形或低柱状,胞核较大,常染色质丰富;胞质内RER、线粒体、高尔基复合体和溶酶体等细胞器丰富;B型细胞呈扁平或低立方形,胞核扁椭圆形,异染色质较多;胞质内各种细胞器不发达。滤泡旁细胞卵圆形或多边形,数量较少,胞体较大,位于滤泡间或滤泡上皮细胞之间;胞质内RER、线粒体、高尔基复合体和分泌颗粒较多。研究结果提示2月龄非洲雏鸵鸟的甲状腺功能比较活跃,能够合成、分泌较多的甲状腺激素和一定量的降钙素。